Male Reproductive System:
Testes: Produce sperm & secrete testosterone. Located in scrotum.
Epididymis: Stores and matures sperm.
Vas deferens: Transports sperm.
Accessory glands: Seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands. Produce seminal fluid.
Female Reproductive System:
Ovaries: Produce ova (eggs) & secrete estrogen and progesterone.
Fallopian Tubes (Oviducts): Site of fertilization.
Uterus: Site of implantation and fetal development.
Vagina: Receives sperm during intercourse and acts as the birth canal.
Gametogenesis: Formation of gametes.
Spermatogenesis: Formation of sperm in seminiferous tubules of testes.
Oogenesis: Formation of ovum in ovaries.
Menstrual Cycle: ~28 days cycle in females; involves:
Menstrual Phase (1-5 days): Shedding of uterine lining.
Follicular Phase (6-14 days): Maturation of follicle & ovum; peak of estrogen.
Ovulation (Day 14): Release of mature ovum from ovary.
Luteal Phase (15-28 days): Corpus luteum formation and progesterone secretion.
Fertilization & Implantation:
Occurs in fallopian tubes.
Zygote undergoes division while moving towards the uterus.
Implants into the endometrium.
Pregnancy & Embryonic Development:
Placenta: Connects fetus to uterine wall; nutrition, waste exchange, & producing hormones.
Gestation: Pregnancy period; lasts ~9 months.
Development stages: Zygote → Morula → Blastocyst → Embryo → Fetus.
Parturition: Process of childbirth; initiated by signals from the fully developed fetus and placenta.
Lactation: Mammary glands produce milk after childbirth for nourishing the newborn.
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